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Previous research comparing intranasal cyanocobalamin to intramuscular hydroxocobalamin in cobalamin-deficient elderly individuals showed a swift increase in serum cobalamin levels following intranasal administration
Many chronic migraine patients also have tenderness throughout their shoulders, and many have associated fibromyalgia
However, clinical trials show that these therapies can improve pain, sensation, and nerve function, which means doctors may use them off-label when there is evidence to support their benefit
Hypercobalaminemia refers to high vitamin B12 levels in the blood